FFXIV Thavnairian Almandine is a crafting material introduced in Patch 6.2 during Endwalker. It can be acquired in exchange for 20 Allagan Tomestones of Astronomy.
Specifically, players should speak to the Tomestone Exchange NPC in Radz-at-Han: Cihanti (X: 10.8, Y: 10.4). For reference, she’s located in the Western Balshahn Bazaar — to your lefthand side as you enter from the Radz-at-Han Aetheryte Plaza. Speak to her and select the option “Allagan Tomestones of Astronomy (Other)” to see the Thavnairian Almandine available for purchase.
Two pieces of Thavnairian Almandine are needed alongside five Raw Rutilated Quartz to craft one Rutilated Quartz (the non-raw version). This is a Level 90 master recipe that requires the Master Goldsmith X tome to first be used on the player intending to craft it. Rutilated Quartz is then used in a variety of other Level 90 master recipes also tied to X-level tomes. Such as the Rinascita Helm of Fending.
Assuming the maximum cap of 2,000 Tomestones in players’ inventory at one time, it’s possible to purchase 100 pieces of Thavnairian Almandine in one trip. Though there are several other types of Patch 6.2 crafting material also needed for Level 90 gear.
There is currently no other way to gather, purchase, or craft Thavnairian Almandine in FFXIV. Though players can trade it on the in-game Market Board.